*Cyanoacetic acid from cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile.
2.
Cathodic reduction of graphite perchlorate is analogous to heating KC 8, which leads to a sequential elimination of HClO 4.
3.
This convention has been historically ( sometimes still is ) used to express anodic oxidation potentials or cathodic reduction potentials of half-cells.